Asi se tu všichni shodneme na tom, že svět je čím dál složitější a to prakticky ve všech ohledech. I když dějiny nejdou úplně přímočaře, přesto nejde přehlédnout, že dneska jsme poněkud dále než kdysi.
Primitivní směna zboží postupně přinesla peníze, nejprve jako snadno přenosné vzácné zboží, třeba plátno, které je odvozeno od slova platit, později pak mince z drahých kovů, pak bankovky navázané na stříbrný či zlatý standart, později pak volné kurzy, přibyly různé cenné papíry, finanční deriváty, opce, akcie, futures, hedgeové fondy, pravidla WTO, kvantitativní uvolňování a tak dále. Krize v roce 2008 ukázala, že se v tom nevyznají už ani odborníci byť na to mají Harward a spoustu titulů.
Máme třeba mezinárodní právo, ale to je tak složité a má tolik výjimek, že si vlastně kdokoliv může dělat cokoliv, pokud a to má armádu nebo atomovku. Máme národní právo, ale také existují globální firmy, které si z toho udělaly trhací kalendář, protože prostě můžou. Máme asymetrickou válku, která se přesunula z venkova a fronty přímo do měst, máme migrační toky přes Saharu nebo přes moře, máme sice demokracii, ale podivně propletenou s různými zájmovými organizacemi.
Máme velmi moderní lékařství, které nám ale dnes a denně posouvá hranice etiky. Kdysi byla těhotná matka chráněná tabuizovanými předpisy, ale dnes, když mapujeme každý den těhotenství, už si nevystačíme s pojmem novorozence nebo embrya. A tak se vedou spory, zda je shluk buněk ještě jen biologický materiál nebo už člověk. Od kterého dělení buněk je to už hodno ochrany? Před sto lety zcela zbytečná diskuse. Nebo až se podaří "transplantovat hlavu". Bude to ještě ten původní člověk? Nebo jak se to bude řešit? Opět otázky, které nikoho před sto lety netrápily. Nebo jednodušeji - dnešní lékařská věda vás udrží naživu i za předpokladu, že vám už skoro nic nefunguje... a tak se dohadujeme, zda má člvoěk také právo nejen na život, ale i na smrt. Eutanázie, její zneužívání a podobně... Kdysi člověk dostal normální zápal plic a za týden bylo po něm. Nebylo třeba soudů, aby rozhodli, zda je možné ho odpojit od přístrojů.
Podobně jsme dosáhli planetární role z hlediska kácení lesů, výlovu ryb z moře, zmapovali jsme téměř všechno a všude a ejhle, ukázalo se, že tahle planeta má nečekaně limity. Naplnili jsme ji. Hrdinové v románech Julese Verna tohle ještě zdaleka neřešili. Ti před sebou viděli především volné pláně k osídlení. Naši dávní předkové považovali Zemi za matku. Před sto lety se stala spíš jen materiálem k zušlechtění a dnes si začínáme opět uvědomovat i jakousi odpovědnost. A tak se hádáme, jestli je planeta zelená nebo modrá a zda je lépe ji chránit zásahy nebo nezásahy. Vsadím se, že otázka kůrovce na Šumavě už spotřebovala v právních bitvách pomalu víc papíru, než kolik dřeva tam doopravdy je.
Zkrátka svět je složitý. Naši předci nevěděli o bakteriích a tak je nebrali do úvahy. My už o nich víme a ejhle, hodně to změnilo. Nicméně se začíná ukazovat, že svět už je tak složitý, že je k nepochopení. Elita neelita, vědec nevědec,když se podíváte na poslední velké události dějin, tak zjistíte, že už vám na jejich pochopení nestačí ani doktorát z politologie a vlastně ani post emeritního šéfa tajné služby. Ukrajinská krize, Syrská krize, hospodářská krize, migrační krize... to všechno se spustilo, vyhrotilo a šlo směrem, který nikdo nepředpokládal. Tu a tam nějaký novinář nebo blázen rozkryje propletence takřka mafiánských struktur na všech úrovních a jakýkoliv pevný bod se z toho vytrácí. Prostý lid ještě má nějakou tu intuici pro předběžnou opatrnost, ale prakticky nikdo se už nemůže usmívat a vidět za všechny záclony.
Svět je tak složitý, až už to není k vydržení a tak si z něj leckdo začíná dělat svět černobílý.
A pak je možné vytvořit téma, že za globální oteplení může oxid uhličitý. Tečka. Kolem oxidu uhličitého se dělají konference, akce, dělají se emisní povolenky, mluví se o uhlíkové stopě, lidé jsou dotazováni zda jsou pro oxid nebo proti němu a ve výsledku jde celá debata úplně do háje, protože svět není černobílý a v otázkách globálního oteplování jde o celou dlouhou složitou řadu faktorů. I kdyby globální uhlíkoví ekologové beze zbytku zvítězili, zřejmě to k ničemu nebude, protože ve své bitvě za emise oxidu uhličitého přehlédli i jiné neméně důležité faktory. Větrolamy, jezera, sluneční aktivita, sopky, prach, dezertifikace, zavlažování, kácení.... pokusit se udělat z toho nějaký systém je k uzoufání pracné, naráží to na globální ekonomické zájmy a chudák aktivista, aby se z toho nezbláznil, začne bojovat proti oxidu uhličitému a raději ani nechce vědět o dalších problémech.
Stejně tak je najednou postavena otázka migrace. Buď jste pro migraci nebo proti. Jenže celá otázka není černobílá a má celou řadu faktorů. Migrace odkud, jakým způsobem bude prováděna integrace, jaké jsou na to zdroje, jaké jsou možnosti, kdo to bude dělat, kdo to bude kontrolovat, kdo bude mít jaké pravomoci, jak se bude zacházet s těmi, co jsou závadní (nejen teroristé, ale i úplně normální vrazi a zloději), jaká bude míra tolerance k jejich jinakosti a naopak. Zkrátka velká řada faktorů. Pokud je diskuse o těchto všech otázkách nahrazena diskusí o mrtvém utopeném chlapečkovi na pláži a jeho případ je vztažen na všechno a všechny, nikdy se nemůžeme dobrat k něčemu použitelnému. Ostatně chtěl bych vidět aktivistu, jak krátkými údernými hesly bojuje s takovou spoustou problémů. Ne, on si vybere jeden z nich.
Ze stejných kořenů vyrostla i poslední volba prezidenta. Z hlediska podporovatelů Drahoše byla postavena jako referendum o slušnosti. Buď jsme pro slušnost nebo proti ní. Tečka. Jiná diskuse nebyla možná. Zda je Drahoš politicky zběhlý, jaké bude mít okolo sebe lidi, jak bude zvládat politiku, kdy se jedna věc říká, jiná dělá a jinde zase jinak obhajuje, to mělo být zcela opominuto. Slušnost měla být všelékem. Jakmile se jen kousíček odběhlo jinam a vyskytly se otázky, coej ten Drahoš vlastně zač, co bude dělat, koho bude jmenovat a koho nebude, přestalo to být jednoznačné a bylo po žížalkách.
Obdobná mi přijde i diskuse o homosexualitě. Buď jsme homfóbní nebo nejsme. Tečka. Pokud jsem někde řekl, že mi nijak nevadí Pavel Vítek se Sidovským, ať si dělají co chtějí, ale vadí mi homosexuál z gay baru, který má AIDS či žloutenku a považuje svojí orientaci za povolenku k promiskuitě a ještě se s tím vytahuje na Gay parade, tak na mě koukali jako na zjevení. Jo, přestala to být jednoduchá černobílá otázka a v té chvíli už nestačilo jen opakovat jednu mantru, ale bylo to na dlouhé složité rozbory. No, svět sakra není černobílý.
Podobně není černobílý Putin, Čína, ba ani ten Kim Čong Un. Ve všech případech hraje roli celá řada faktorů. Historický vývoj, rozčarování obyvatelstva ve studené válce a vmnoha případech i sedmdesát let staré faktory mající kořeny někde v Hitlerově útoku na Sovětský svaz a Japonské okupaci Mandžuska. Podobně jako hraje roli celá řada faktorů ve vývoji Iráku, Saúdské Arábie nebo JAR. Američani se pokusili problém zčernobílit, že přece vše vyřeší svobodné volby a ejhle válčí už patnáct let a pořád nevyhrávají, nevyhrávají až jednou doopravdy prohrají. Ne proto, že by byli mocichtiví a zlí, ale proto, že nejsou schopni a ani nechtějí sledovat složitosti světa. Propletenc zájmů, který umožňuje starým nepřátelům uzavírat spojenectví a starým přátelům se vraždit, tomu prostě nedokážou porozumět. Protože to dá moc práce a nedá se to vyjádřit jedním heslem.
Nejhorší na tom všem je, že toto černobílé vidění světa postupně všechny ty hodnoty degraduje. Oxid uhličitý je faktor a má své místo mezi příčinami i následky. Ale pokud k němu bude přístup jaký je, zřejmě bude brzy znevěrohodněn natolik, že se na něj zapomene. Obdobné je to s migrací, slušností v politice, s Putinem a tak vůbec. A nakonec už nebude možné něčemu věřit i když to bude pravda. Z pravdy se stane přílepek k nefunkčnímu heslu. Z diskuse se stane referendum o jedné otázce vytržené z kontextu a ve válce o tuto otázku shoří i celá řada dalších hodnot, které jsou důležité.
A není z toho žádná cesta ven. Svět bude pořád složitější a složitější a vyznat se v něm bude stále těžší a těžší.
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